Natural Resources / Heritages of Nepal:

by on Saturday, February 25, 2017
· Mountains:

The 8 highest mountains among the 14 highest peaks of the world above 800 m:

1. Mt. Everest, the highest peak of the World (8848 m) – Solukhumbu District

2. Mt. Kanchanjungha, the 3rd highest peak (8586 m) – Taplejung District

3. Mt. Lhotse, the 4th highest peak (8516 m) – Solukhumbu District 

4. Mt. Makalu, the 5th highest peak (8463 m) – Sankhuwasabha District

5. Mt. Choyu, the 6th highest peak (8201 m) – Solukhumbu District

6. Mt. Dhaulagiri, the 7th highest peak (8167 m) – Myagdi District

7. Mt. Manaslu, the 8th highest peak (8163 m) – Gorkha District

8. Mt. Annapurna I, the 10th highest peak (8011 m) – Kaski District

Along with these, there are many mountains peaks, which are described in the districts concerned.


· Rivers and Rivulets:

There are 6000 rivers and streams in Nepal, which is thus second richest country of the world in water resources. A list of the main river systems, their tributaries and their hydroelectricity potentiality is given below:

Ø Saptakoshi River Basins:

Tamor River: 2077 MW

Arun River: 6850 MW

Sunkoshi River: 4800 MW

Dudhkoshi River: 2013 MW

Tamakoshi River: 1864 MW

Indrawati River: 298 MW

Likhu River : N/A



Ø Saptagandaki River Basins:

Kaligandaki River: 5200 MW

Myagdi Khola: 448 MW

Badigad Khola: 392 MW

Trishuli River: 2740 MW

Budhigandaki River: 3920 MW

Marsyangdi River: 2080 MW

Seti River: 622 MW

Madi River: 317 MW



Ø Karnali and Mahakali River Basins:

Southern Rivers Basins:
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Lichchhavi Dynasty of Nepal

by on Friday, February 24, 2017
The Lichchhavi ran a republican rule in Baisali, Bashadh of Mujaffarfur India. During the 1st century AD, monarchy got hold in the area and they got defeated by King Ajaat Shatru. Then they entered into Nepal Valley as refugees. In fact, Lichchhavi was the name of the king of Ayoddhya of India, who was the eighth descendent of famous Surya King Dasharath. 

According to the 790 BS inscription of Jayadev II at Pashupatinath, Supushpa became the king after 12th generation of king Lichchhavi and was ahead of Jayadev, by 23rd generation. Thus many scholars believe that Supushpa had established the Lichchhavi rule in Nepal in around the 3rd century AD. 

However, others who regard 1st century AD as the beginning of this rule, believe Jayadev I as the first Lichchhavi king. The factual history of Nepal commenced after Mandev, son of Dharmadev and 16th generations after Jayadev I, ascended the throne.

The Lichchhavi rule in Nepal is regarded as the golden age because during this very rule, Nepal entered into the new era of social, economic, political, linguistic, literacy, architectural and cultural development. 

The Lichchhavi rule is famous for many reforms, development and welfare works like architectural construction of Mangriha, Kailaskut Bhawan, Bhadradhibas, Changunarayan Temple, the systematic inscription of historical records for the first time; introduction of independent currency, republican system of governance, organized social life, developed education, foundation of unique Nepali culture and the like.
Based on the historical evidence, there have been a long chain of Lichchhavi kings who are Jayadev I, Haridatta, Brishadev, Shankardev, Dharmadev, Mandev (521-562 BS), Basantadev (563-589 BS), the dual rule of Basantadev – Rabigupta, the joint rule of Ramdev – Kramalil, Gangadev – Bhauma Gupta, Shivadev I (641-661 BS), joint rule of Shivadev – Amshubarma, Amshubarma (662-678 BS), Udayadev (678-681 BS), dual rule of Dhrubadev – Jishnugupta, Bhimarjundev (688 BS), Jishnugupta, Narendradev (702-726 BS), Shivadev II, Jayadev II, Bhashkardev Burma, Baladev or Balantadev (1107-1119 BS), Shankar (1125-1135 BS), Bamadev, Shivadev III, Mahendradev (1184-121 BS), Anandadev, Bardev or Arimudi, Gunakamadev and so on. 

Among the Lichchhavi kings, the later ones were not so powerful and benevolent as the early kings. After King Amshuvarma, mostly there prevailed dual rule. Badly depleted by the dual rule, it is believed that the Lichchhavi Government took no time to collapse when there occurred a huge public agitation against the feudal lords of the time where upon the Thakuri rule made its entrance. The territorial boundary of that time was as much as that of present Nepal.
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Season Prevailing in Nepal

by on Wednesday, February 22, 2017


The Spring Season: March – April (Exciting Season)

The Summer Season: May – June (Hot Environment)

The Rainy Season: July – August (Rainy Environment)

The Autumn Season: September – October (Mild Environment)

The Early Winter: November – December (Cold Environment)

The Winter Season: January – February (Very Cold Environment)



Note: this is a tentative detail of the climatic condition. Hence, there will be variation according to the topographical variation.
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Physical Feature (Synopsis ) of Nepal

by on Tuesday, February 21, 2017
·         Mountain Region (15% of total land): the snowline (5000 m -8848m) in altitude

Ø  Climate : Himalayan / Tundra
Ø  Number of Districts : 16

Taplejung, Sankhuwasabha, Solukhumbu, Dolakha, Sindhupalchowk, Rasuwa, Gorkha, Manang, Mustang, Dolpa, Humla, Jumla, Kalikot, Mugu, Bajhang, Darchula


·         Hilly Region (68% of total land): 610 m to 5000 m in altitude

Ø  Climate: Temperate, Cool Temperate, Warm / Semi Temperate, Tundra
Ø  Number of Districts: 39

Panchthar, Ilm, Dhankuta, Tehrathum, Bhojpur, Okhaldhunga, Khotang, Udayapur, Ramechhap, Sindhuli, Kavrepalanchowk, Kathmandu, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, Nuwakot, Dhading, Makawanpur, Tanahun, Lamjung, Syangja, Kaski, Parbat, Myagdi, Baglung, Palpa, Gulmi, Arghakhanchi, Salyan, Pyuthan, Rukum, Rolpa, Surkhet, Jajarkot, Dailekh, Bajura, Doti, Achham, Dadeldhura, Baitadi


·         Terai Region (17% of total land): 58 m to 610 m in altitude

Ø  Climate: Semi Temperate, Hot Temperate
Ø  Number of Districts: 20


Jhapa, Morang, Sunsari, Saptari, Siraha, Dhanusha, Mahottari, Sarlahi, Parsa, Bara, Rautahat, Chitwan, Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Kapilbastu, Dang, Banke, Bardiya, Kailali, Kanchanpur
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Som Dynasty of Nepal

by on Saturday, February 18, 2017
Nimish, the first King of this dynasty had taken over the rule by defeating the Kirant King Gasti. During the rule of this Dynasty, the area of Nepal had extended till India and the sea in the south. 

Nimish, Mataksha, Kakabarma, Pashuprekshadev, Bhashkar Burma and Bhumiburma were the kings of this dynasty. Pashuprekshadev, fourth king of this dynasty, had repaired the temple of Pashupatinath along with golden roof and pinnacle. 

Bhashkar Burma, the last Som King having no son made a Surya Rajput his heir and thus introduced Surya rule in Nepal. The Lichchhavis belonged to the very dynasty.
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Kirant Dynasty

by on Thursday, February 16, 2017
The Kirant King Yalung or Elam or Yalambar took over the rule by defeating Bhuwansingh, the last king of the Aabhir Dynasty. Mythologicallly this time is thought to be the transitory period of the end of Dwapar Age and the beginning of the Kali Age, about 6th century BC. 

Twenty-nine generations of the Kirants ruled in Nepal for about 1500 years. These Kirants are also referred in mythological scripts like the Ramayan and Mahabharat. In Sanskrit language, Kirant means those who live around the boundary. The principal places of the Kirants of the Hang Dynasty of Nepal are the banks of the Tamakoshi and the Dudhkoshi of the eastern hills.

They are thought to have entered Nepal from Tibet, Africa, the Northern flatlands of Persia, Babylon, Ausiria, Suner and the like. Most people think them to be Mongol and to have come to Nepal before 100 years BC.

The major kings of the Kirants in Nepal are Yalambar, Humati, Jitedasti, Sthunko, Danuka, Malam, Palam, Balamba, Dhaskam, Waluncha, Puska, Pancham, Parwa, Hasti, Chumu, Patuk, Khigu, Gasti and so on. There have been some remarkable events during Kirant rule in Nepal. 

During the time of 6th King Humati, Lord Buddha is supposed to have come to Nepal Valley and Lord Mahadev in disguise of Kirant is supposed to have fight with Arjun. The 7th King Jitedasti is said to have fought for the Pandavs in the battle of Mahabharat – Kurukshetra; during the time of 14th King Sthunko, the Maurya Emperor Ashoka had come to Nepal and had set a memorial pillar by offering a charity of one hundred thousand gold coins. 

Monarchical in the governance, the Kirant rule is known for the initiation of civil administration, progress in the architectural works and the like. Basically Shaivist, the Kirants had much contributed to the expansion and dissemination of Buddhism as well.
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Aabhir (Mahishpal) Dynasty of Nepal

by on Wednesday, February 15, 2017
The Aabhir / Aahir, come from the south (India), defeated childless Jitgupta, the last king of Gopal Dynasty and took rule in their hand. Some historians state that the Aabhirs were called Mahishpals as they reared buffaloes. 

Barasingh (Bhulsingh), Jayasingh and Bhuwansingh were the three kings of this dynasty to rule for more than 100 years. The Aabhirs too had the same territorial area as that of the Gopals. Both dynasties had their rules based on tribal system.
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Gopal Dynasty (Ancient Period) of Nepal

by on Tuesday, February 14, 2017
The Gopal Dynasty is regarded as the 1st ruling dynasty of Nepal. Gopal denotes the community of Cowherds. Sage Ne, who meditated on Teku, made Bhuktaman (Bhumigupta) of this community the first king of valley. 

Having adopted Gupta as their surname and hence known as the Gupta Dynasty, eight generations of this dynasty ruled for about 521 years. The kings of this dynasty like Bhumigupta, Jayagupta, Dharmagupta, Harshagupta, Bishnugupta and Jitgupta had made Matatirtha the centre of their administration. 

Nepal extended to the Dudhkoshi in the east, Trishuli in the west, Gosainkunda in the north and Chitlang in the south. In this very time, the Jyotirlinga (flaming idol) of Pashupatinath was discovered.
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Historical Background of Nepal

by on Monday, February 13, 2017
History of Nepal can be divided into various periods as:






6. Khas Malla Dynasty (Karnali)

7. Tirhut / Doya Kingdom

8. Sen Dynasty

9. Malla Dynasty (Medieval Period)

10. Baise (22) states of Karnali Region

11. Chaubise (24) States of Gandaki Region

12. Rise of Shah Dynasty in Lamjung

13. The Foundation of the kingdom of Gorkha

14. Shah Dynasty (Modern Period)

15. End of Shah Dynasty and Foundation of Republic (the present time)
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The Standard Time of Nepal

by on Saturday, February 11, 2017
The standard time of any nation is based on the longitude. The standard time of Nepal was declared on 1st Baishakh 2040 BS based on the 86˚15ˈ eastern longitude that passes through Mt. Gaurishanker, Dolakha District. The standard Nepal Time is offset from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) +05:45.


· Public Holidays:

The usual working days in government, non-government sector, academic or corporate offices, institutes or work-places of Nepal begin on Sunday and run till Friday. Saturday is the official holiday, besides, there are a number of occasional holiday as decided by the government. All such holidays are mentioned in the calendar of the year.


· Working Hours:

The regular working hour in the government offices is 10 am to 5 pm for 9 months of the summer from early February to late October and the rest three winter months it is 10 am to 4 pm.
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